Art in advertising
Poster art and tourism advertising
The Australian National Travel Association (ANTA) - Australia’s peak semi-government tourist body - operated from July 1929 with a mission ‘to place Australia on the world’s travel map and keep it there’. ANTA produced many iconic travel posters of the 1930s to the 1950s. It advertised extensively in different media, including magazines and films, within Australia and overseas. Estonian-born German Gert Sellheim, who migrated to Australia in 1926, was one of ANTA’s earliest and most original artists. Sellheim’s posters were not tokenistic. They portrayed a real rather than idealised vision of Australia. Other early artists for ANTA were Percy Trompf, James Northfield and Douglas Annand.
‘Why not Victoria?’
Sellheim continued to work in commercial art and collaborated many times with writer Oswald L. Ziegler. Sellheim designed the book and Ziegler wrote the text. This example, with plentiful photographs of Victoria’s holiday spots, has a foreword by the then Prime Minister Joseph Lyons, who makes the book’s purpose clear: ‘Glancing through these pages, one is forced to wonder why tourists should leave Australia before they have viewed the magnificent scenery of their own country’.
Chromolithography
With artwork attributed to renowned poster artist James Northfield, this poster, in three states, gives an idea of how a colour lithograph was created. Chromolothographs are produced by printing from smooth-surfaced limestone or zinc plates that have been chemically treated. Each colour is applied separately. Northfield had an extensive career in commercial art and taught at Melbourne’s Art Training Institute.
Swallow & Ariell was an enthusiastic advertiser throughout its long history. Founded in the 1850s, it was purchased by Arnotts’ in 1964. This poster, and the object of the little girls’ attention, features one of their most popular biscuits, the Uneeda.
Video - Lithography in the age of ST Gill
Lithography in the age of ST Gill
Activity 1 - Lithography in different times
Watch the National Library’s video on lithography in the mid-19th century.
- Compare the techniques used by ST Gill with those used around 60 years later by James Northfield.
- Have students research and explain the difference between a lithograph and a chromolithograph.
- ST Gill didn’t make his prints for advertising purposes, but Northfield did. Discuss how artistic techniques change when applied to advertising rather than fine art.
- Advertising agencies have Creative Directors and Art Departments. Have students consider the relationship between art and advertising. Organise a small informal debate in the classroom taking the topic ‘Can advertising be considered art?’ The teams should consider advertising campaigns as a whole, as well as the visual elements they contain.
This discussion might lead into an examination of ‘Commercial art’ and vocational options for students of the Visual Arts aside from a career as a fine artist.
Photography
Harold Cazneaux and Wolfgang Sievers were two influential photographers who worked in advertising but represented different traditions. Cazneaux’s pictorialist approach featured soft, artistic compositions, while Sievers, trained at the Bauhaus, brought a modernist style with sharp lines and dramatic contrasts.
Photographer Harold Cazneaux and model
Harold Cazneaux advertised in the upmarket magazine, The Home, in the early 1930s. He also took private portraits and shot advertising brochures for companies. The Library holds Cazneaux’s papers, allowing us to explore the process of commissioning of work. Patricia Minchin (1910–2002), modelled for Cazneaux on a number of jobs, including this image that was used in an advertisement for White Wings flour.
Wolfgang Sievers
Wolfgang Sievers arrived in Australia in 1938 with experience in commercial photography, particularly advertising. The Library holds several advertising photographs from his time in Berlin and also from soon after his arrival in Australia. Though declared an enemy alien, despite effectively being a refugee from Nazi Germany, he was able to work in advertising. This photograph was one he did for Peters. In his job book - a manuscript held by the Library - he describes it as ‘Kreemy Krisp with hands’ for Richards Advertising Agency.
Activity 2: Debating commercial art
Using Sievers’ reflection on the ethics of advertising, have students debate:
- What is pictorialism in photography?
- Define modernism as it relates to art, especially photography.
- Considering both Cazneaux’s and Sievers’ work, discuss the photographic techniques they might have used to achieve their desired effects. Use Trove to find examples from both photographers.
- Which elements of pictorialism and modernism lend themselves particularly well to advertising work?
- How do pictorialism and modernism differ?
Later in his career, Wolfgang Sievers struggled with the ethics of producing hyperreal, sanitised and glamourised portrayals of industry and businesses for commercial purposes. Although some industries impacted on the Australian environment in a negative way, Sievers’ images invariably excluded the true environmental impacts of such industries.
'I am quite aware of the moral problems confronting a responsible photographer in industry … Should he use his skills to hide the terrible pollution and despoliation of our country - as I have? In creating beautiful images I have glamorised industries which have often been heedless of their sacred trust to use resources wisely and take care in the interest of future generations. In my defence, so far, I have found no valid answer to these problems.'
Activity 3: Artistic morality
Use this quote as a stimulus for further discussion about commercial art.
Discuss the concept of ‘selling out’ by artists who work in the commercial sphere.
- How do artists balance their ethics and integrity with the need to make a living from their work?
Acknowledgement
This resource has been generously supported by Optus. Through the Digital Thumbprint program and Kids Helpline @ School, Optus supports digital knowledge and the positive use of technology.
If you’d like to learn more about the Digital Thumbprint program, please visit the website or, if you’re interested in booking the program at your school, you can register your interest.

